At the core of the Multi-band RTK Ceramic Antenna’s functionality is its active design, which incorporates low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) to boost weak signals across its operating bands. Unlike passive antennas that rely solely on their physical structure for signal capture, active antennas like this one use internal amplification to enhance the strength of GNSS, 4G LTE, and WIFI/BT signals, ensuring robust performance even in challenging environments such as urban canyons, dense foliage, or remote areas with limited infrastructure. This active amplification is particularly critical for RTK applications, where the ability to detect faint satellite signals—often attenuated by atmospheric interference or obstacles—is essential for achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy.

The gain specification of 28 dBi underscores the antenna’s exceptional ability to amplify signals, a key factor in both navigation and communication. Gain, measured in decibels relative to an isotropic radiator (dBi), quantifies the antenna’s capacity to focus signal energy in specific directions. A high gain of 28 dBi ensures that even weak signals from GPS satellites (operating at 1575.42 MHz) or BeiDou (BD) satellites (at 1.023 MHz, likely a reference to B1 or L1 bands) are captured and amplified sufficiently for precise RTK calculations. For 4G LTE, this gain extends the range of cellular towers operating in the 824~960 MHz (low band) and 1710~2690 MHz (mid to high band) ranges, enabling reliable data transmission for applications like real-time vehicle tracking, over-the-air updates, and video streaming. In WIFI/BT bands, the high gain enhances wireless coverage, supporting seamless connectivity between devices in smart vehicles or industrial setups.

The impedance of 50 ohms is a standard specification in RF (Radio Frequency) systems, ensuring optimal power transfer between the antenna and connected devices such as RTK receivers, 4G modems, or WIFI routers. Impedance matching is critical for minimizing signal reflections, which can degrade performance by causing interference or reducing signal strength. By adhering to the 50-ohm standard, the antenna integrates seamlessly with most commercial and industrial equipment, eliminating the need for additional matching components and simplifying system design. This compatibility is particularly valuable in multi-band systems, where mismatched impedance across different frequencies could lead to cross-interference and reduced efficiency.

The standing wave ratio (VSWR) specifications—though seemingly unusual at first glance—provide insights into the antenna’s efficiency across its bands. For GNSS (active), the listed VSWR of 283 is likely a typo, with the intended value almost certainly ≤2.0, a common standard for high-performance GNSS antennas. A low VSWR indicates efficient power transfer, with minimal signal reflection. For LTE, the “average -2” and WIFI/BT “-2” are also likely typos, with typical values for these bands ranging from 1.5 to 2.0. Assuming corrected values, the antenna maintains efficient operation across all bands, ensuring that most of the signal is transmitted or received rather than reflected, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of both RTK positioning data and 4G/WIFI communications.

The axial ratio—a critical parameter for GNSS performance—is specified as ≤4 for GNSS, with GSM, WIFI, and BT marked as NA (Not Applicable). Axial ratio measures the purity of circular polarization, with lower values indicating more perfect circular polarization. GNSS satellites transmit signals using right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and an axial ratio of ≤4 ensures that the antenna efficiently captures these signals, minimizing loss due to polarization mismatch. This is particularly important for RTK applications, where even minor signal losses can translate into positioning errors. For LTE and WIFI/BT, which use linear polarization, axial ratio is irrelevant, hence the NA designation.

The interface types—FAKRA and SMA, with customization options— enhance the antenna’s versatility across industries. FAKRA connectors are widely used in automotive applications, featuring color-coding to prevent incorrect connections between different signal types (e.g., GPS, LTE, WIFI) and ensuring secure, vibration-resistant mounting—essential for vehicle environments. SMA connectors, on the other hand, are standard in industrial and consumer electronics, offering a robust, threaded design that ensures reliable connections in harsh conditions. Customization options allow manufacturers to adapt the antenna to specific hardware requirements, making it suitable for everything from compact IoT devices to large industrial machinery.