The antenna’s support for both linear and circular polarization methods ensures optimal performance across its various applications, adapting to the unique characteristics of 4G, WIFI, and GPS signals. Linear polarization—either vertical or horizontal—is ideal for 4G and WIFI, as most cellular towers and WIFI access points transmit linearly polarized signals. This alignment maximizes signal coupling, ensuring strong, stable connections for data transfer. For example, vertical polarization is commonly used for 4G in urban areas, where signals travel horizontally between towers and devices, while horizontal polarization may be preferred for WIFI in environments where reflections off the ground are common. Circular polarization—either right-hand (RHCP) or left-hand (LHCP)—is critical for GPS and GNSS, as satellite signals are transmitted with circular polarization to counteract the Faraday effect, a phenomenon where the ionosphere rotates the polarization of electromagnetic waves. By using circular polarization, the antenna efficiently captures these rotated signals, ensuring accurate positioning even as the device moves or tilts—such as in a moving vehicle or a drone in flight. This dual polarization capability allows the antenna to excel across all its functions, from high-speed data transfer to precise location tracking.

The use of RG174 coaxial cable enhances the antenna’s performance and flexibility in installation, ensuring low signal loss and protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI). RG174 is a small-diameter, lightweight cable designed for high-frequency applications, making it ideal for routing through tight spaces in devices, vehicles, or industrial equipment. Its construction includes a solid copper-clad steel center conductor for efficient signal transmission, a dielectric insulator to minimize loss, a braided copper shield to block EMI, and a durable PVC outer jacket. The braided shield is particularly important in environments with high EMI, such as industrial facilities with heavy machinery, vehicles with complex electrical systems, or smart homes with multiple electronic devices. By blocking EMI from sources like motors, power lines, or other radios, the shield ensures that 4G, WIFI, and GPS signals remain clean and free from noise, preserving data integrity and positioning accuracy. The PVC jacket resists abrasion, oil, and temperature extremes, ensuring the cable remains reliable even in harsh conditions—whether routed through a vehicle’s engine bay or an outdoor sensor enclosure. For installers, the flexibility of RG174 simplifies routing, allowing the antenna to be placed in optimal positions (such as a vehicle roof for unobstructed GPS reception) while connecting to devices in confined spaces.

A standing wave ratio (VSWR) of ≤2.0 underscores the antenna’s efficiency in transferring signal power across all its frequency bands, ensuring minimal loss and consistent performance. VSWR measures the mismatch between the antenna’s impedance and the 50-ohm characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable, with lower values indicating better efficiency. A VSWR of 2.0 means that approximately 90% of the signal power is transferred from the antenna to the receiver (or vice versa), with only 10% reflected—an acceptable level for most applications, ensuring that sufficient signal strength is maintained for reliable communication and positioning. This efficiency is maintained across the antenna’s entire frequency range, from 690 MHz to 5850 MHz, ensuring consistent performance whether transmitting 4G data, WIFI packets, or receiving GPS signals. For example, when streaming video over WIFI, the low VSWR ensures that the signal is transmitted with minimal loss, resulting in smooth playback. When using 4G to send sensor data from a remote industrial site, the efficient power transfer ensures that even weak signals reach the network. For GPS, the low VSWR ensures that the amplified satellite signals are efficiently processed by the receiver, maintaining positioning accuracy.

The antenna’s broad working frequency range—690~960 MHz, 1710~2690 MHz, 1561 MHz, 1575.42 MHz, 2400-2500 MHz, and 5150-5850 MHz—covers all key bands for 4G, WIFI, and GPS/GNSS, ensuring comprehensive connectivity across global markets. The 690-960 MHz and 1710-2690 MHz bands support 4G LTE, covering both low and mid-frequency ranges used by cellular networks worldwide. Low-frequency bands (690-960 MHz) offer better penetration through buildings and terrain, making them ideal for rural or urban environments with obstacles, while mid-frequency bands (1710-2690 MHz) provide higher data speeds, suitable for urban areas with dense network coverage. The 1561 MHz and 1575.42 MHz bands support GNSS, including BeiDou (1561 MHz) and GPS (1575.42 MHz), ensuring accurate positioning across global navigation systems. The 2400-2500 MHz (2.4 GHz) and 5150-5850 MHz (5 GHz) bands support WIFI, with 2.4 GHz offering longer range and better penetration, and 5 GHz providing higher data speeds and less interference—critical for bandwidth-intensive applications like video streaming or IoT device communication. This multi-band coverage eliminates the need for region-specific antenna designs, making the antenna suitable for global deployment in devices ranging from international fleet vehicles to cross-border IoT networks.